What is a result of scleroderma observed during an intraoral exam?

Scleroderma, a systemic condition characterized by the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues, can significantly impact the oral cavity. One of the hallmark signs observed during an intraoral exam is the reduced mobility of facial muscles. This occurs due to the fibrosis and tightening of the connective tissues around the mouth and facial muscles, leading to decreased flexibility and restricted movement. As a result, patients may have difficulty with activities such as speaking, chewing, and smiling.

While other effects of scleroderma may be present, they do not manifest as directly or prominently as reduced facial muscle mobility during an intraoral exam. Increased saliva production, painful lesions, and gingival swelling are not characteristic of scleroderma and may be attributed to other conditions. Therefore, recognizing the reduced mobility of facial muscles aids in differentiating scleroderma's specific oral manifestations from those of other systemic or local pathologies.