National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) Dental Hygienist Practice Test

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What processes fail to fuse during fetal development resulting in a bilateral cleft lip?

Palatine and lateral nasal processes

Maxillary and medial nasal processes

A bilateral cleft lip occurs due to the failure of fusion between the maxillary processes and the medial nasal processes during fetal development. Normally, during embryogenesis, these structures come together to form a continuous upper lip. If this fusion does not occur correctly, it results in a gap that characterizes a cleft lip.

The maxillary processes contribute to the formation of the sides of the upper lip, while the medial nasal processes are responsible for forming the center part. If these areas do not unite, a cleft can form, potentially on both sides of the lip, hence "bilateral." This is a critical aspect of embryonic facial development, and understanding it helps in recognizing the implications for surgical correction and management in affected individuals.

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Maxillary and palatine processes

Medial nasal and lateral nasal processes

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